と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]
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Quick Summary
Meaning: と links things like “A and B,” marks doing something with someone, and shows a quotation (“…,” someone says/thinks).
How to Use: Connect nouns (A と B), mark a partner (Person と V), or attach と to a quoted clause before verbs like 言います (iimasu, to say).
Example:
- 先生とラーメンを作ります。
- Sensei to raamen o tsukurimasu.
- I make ramen with my teacher.
Overview
The particle と has three beginner-friendly jobs.
First, it means “and” when you connect two (or more) nouns: A と B. This is an exact list—you mean A and B (and nothing else). If you want “A and B and more,” you’ll later meet や (ya, and such).
Second, と means “with” when you do something together with a person or animal: Person と V. Use と for partners. Do not use と for tools or methods; for those, Japanese uses で.
Third, と marks quotations: attach と to the end of what is said/thought, then add a verb like 言います (iimasu, to say), 思います (omoimasu, to think), or 聞きます (kikimasu, to ask/hear). The quoted part usually stays in plain (dictionary) form, even if the main sentence is polite.
Structure / Formation
Base formulas
- N1 と N2
- N と N と N
- Person と V
- Clause と 言います (iimasu, to say)
- Clause と 思います (omoimasu, to think)
- Clause と 聞きます (kikimasu, to ask/hear)
Connecting nouns: と = “and”
Use N1 と N2 to join nouns into a clear, complete list. You can chain more items: N と N と N. This と list is understood as “all of these, exactly.”
Example:
- 朝ごはんはパンとスイカです。
- Asagohan wa pan to suika desu.
- Breakfast is bread and watermelon.
Partner marker: と = “with (together with someone/animal)”
Use Person と V to show you do an action together with someone (or a pet, character, etc.). Remember: for tools or means (“with chopsticks,” “by bus”), Japanese uses で, not と.
Example:
- 猫と宿題をします。
- Neko to shukudai o shimasu.
- I do homework with my cat.
Quotation: Clause と + verb of saying/thinking
Put と after the quoted content, then add a verb like 言います (iimasu, to say), 思います (omoimasu, to think), or 聞きます (kikimasu, to ask/hear). The quoted clause typically uses the plain form.
| Plain form before と | Example pattern |
|---|---|
| V-る / V-た | V と 言います / V-た と 言います |
| i-adj | i-adj と 思います |
| N + だ | N だ と 思います |
| na-adj + だ | na-adj だ と 思います |
Example:
- ロボットは「眠い」と言います。
- Robotto wa “nemui” to iimasu.
- The robot says, “I’m sleepy.”
Example Sentences
- 昼ごはんはケーキとラーメンです。
- Hirugohan wa keeki to raamen desu.
- My lunch is cake and ramen.
- おばけとゲームをします。
- Obake to geemu o shimasu.
- I play games with a ghost.
- 猫は「人間だ」と言います。
- Neko wa “ningen da” to iimasu.
- The cat says, “I am human.”
- ブロッコリーはかわいいと思います。
- Burokkorii wa kawaii to omoimasu.
- I think broccoli is cute.
- 月に「チーズですか」と聞きます。
- Tsuki ni “chiizu desu ka” to kikimasu.
- I ask the moon, “Are you cheese?”
Quick Practice
(Answers and explanations are right under this section.)
Multiple-Choice
1. Choose the sentence that clearly means “I eat bread and eggs (only).”
- A. 私はパンとたまごを食べます。(Watashi wa pan to tamago o tabemasu.)
- B. 私はパンやたまごを食べます。(Watashi wa pan ya tamago o tabemasu.)
- C. 私はパンでも食べます。(Watashi wa pan demo tabemasu.)
- D. 私はパンとたまごです。(Watashi wa pan to tamago desu.)
2. Choose the correct sentence: “I watch a movie with my grandma.”
- A. 私はおばあさんと映画を見ます。(Watashi wa obaasan to eiga o mimasu.)
- B. 私はおばあさんで映画を見ます。(Watashi wa obaasan de eiga o mimasu.)
- C. 私はおばあさんを映画と見ます。(Watashi wa obaasan o eiga to mimasu.)
- D. 私はおばあさんに映画を見ます。(Watashi wa obaasan ni eiga o mimasu.)
3. Choose the correct sentence using と with 思います: “I think sushi is delicious.”
- A. 寿司はおいしいと思います。(Sushi wa oishii to omoimasu.)
- B. 寿司はおいしいですと思います。(Sushi wa oishii desu to omoimasu.)
- C. 寿司はおいしいとです。(Sushi wa oishii to desu.)
- D. 寿司はおいしくと思います。(Sushi wa oishiku to omoimasu.)
4. Choose the correct sentence that means “I ask the teacher, ‘Is it homework?’”
- A. 先生に「宿題ですか」と聞きます。(Sensei ni “shukudai desu ka” to kikimasu.)
- B. 先生と「宿題ですか」に聞きます。(Sensei to “shukudai desu ka” ni kikimasu.)
- C. 先生は「宿題ですか」と聞きます。(Sensei wa “shukudai desu ka” to kikimasu.)
- D. 先生に「宿題ですか」を聞きます。(Sensei ni “shukudai desu ka” o kikimasu.)
5. Choose the sentence that uses と to make a complete list of three items: apples, bananas, and milk.
- A. りんごとバナナと牛乳を買いました。(Ringo to banana to gyuunyuu o kaimashita.)
- B. りんごやバナナや牛乳を買いました。(Ringo ya banana ya gyuunyuu o kaimashita.)
- C. りんごとバナナや牛乳を買いました。(Ringo to banana ya gyuunyuu o kaimashita.)
- D. りんご、バナナ、牛乳を買いました。(Ringo, banana, gyuunyuu o kaimashita.)
Spot-the-Error
6. One sentence has an error with と. Which one?
- A. 母とパンを作ります。(Haha to pan o tsukurimasu.)
- B. フォークとサラダを食べます。(Fooku to sarada o tabemasu.)
- C. 弟と歌います。(Otouto to utaimasu.)
7. One sentence has an error with quotation と. Which one?
- A. 王さまは「眠い」と言います。(Ousama wa “nemui” to iimasu.)
- B. 私は「明日行く」思います。(Watashi wa “ashita iku” omoimasu.)
- C. ロボットは「人間だ」と思います。(Robotto wa “ningen da” to omoimasu.)
Translation
8. Translate into Japanese using と: “Dinner is octopus and pizza.”
9. Translate into Japanese using と: “I study with my alien friend.”
10. Translate into Japanese using と: “Grandpa says, ‘I am a gamer.’”
Answers and Explanations
- A. 私はパンとたまごを食べます。(Watashi wa pan to tamago o tabemasu.) — Use と to list exactly two nouns as a complete set.
- A. 私はおばあさんと映画を見ます。(Watashi wa obaasan to eiga o mimasu.) — と marks the partner you do the action with.
- A. 寿司はおいしいと思います。(Sushi wa oishii to omoimasu.) — The clause before と思います stays in plain form.
- A. 先生に「宿題ですか」と聞きます。(Sensei ni “shukudai desu ka” to kikimasu.) — Use に for the person you ask and と before 聞きます.
- A. りんごとバナナと牛乳を買いました。(Ringo to banana to gyuunyuu o kaimashita.) — Repeat と to show a complete three-item list.
- B. フォークとサラダを食べます。(Fooku to sarada o tabemasu.) — Tools take で, so it should be フォークでサラダを食べます。(Fooku de sarada o tabemasu.)
- B. 私は「明日行く」思います。(Watashi wa “ashita iku” omoimasu.) — You must add と before 思います.
- 晩ごはんはたことピザです。(Bangohan wa tako to piza desu.) — Use と to join two foods in a complete list.
- 宇宙人の友だちと勉強します。(Uchuujin no tomodachi to benkyou shimasu.) — と marks “with” (your study partner).
- おじいさんは「ゲーマーだ」と言います。(Ojiisan wa “geemaa da” to iimasu.) — Put と after the quote before 言います, and use だ with a noun inside the quote.
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