
How to Say “To Increase” and “To Decrease” in Japanese: With Examples
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You've noticed there are multiple ways to say “to increase” or "to decrease" in Japanese. Between transitive and intransitive verbs, and the difference in nuances, it's easy to confuse them.
Here’s a breakdown of the main ways to say “to increase” and “to decrease” in Japanese, with nuance, usage, and examples.
A. "To increase" in Japanese
✅ 1. 増える(ふえる) – to increase (intransitive)
Meaning: Something increases on its own
- Common, neutral, natural growth or rise
- Use when the subject increases by itself, no one causes it
Examples:
- 人口が増えている。→ The population is increasing.
- 仕事が増えた。→ My work increased.
✅ 2. 増やす(ふやす) – to increase (transitive)
Meaning: You cause something to increase
- You or someone actively adds or increases something
Examples:
- 単語の数を増やしたい。→ I want to increase my vocabulary.
- 商品を増やしました。→ We increased the number of products.
✅ 3. 上がる(あがる) – to go up (intransitive)
Meaning: Something rises (like prices, temperature, level, etc.)
- More contextual or technical than 増える
- Often used with numbers, stats, prices
Examples:
- 気温が上がった。→ The temperature went up.
- 成績が上がった。→ My grades improved.
✅ 4. 上げる(あげる) – to raise (transitive)
Meaning: You raise or increase something
- Use when someone causes something to rise or go up
Examples:
- 給料を上げてほしい。→ I want my salary raised.
- 値段を上げました。→ We raised the price.
✅ 5. 伸びる(のびる) – to grow/extend/increase (intransitive)
Meaning: Progress or improvement in something
- Often used for skills, height, sales, performance, reach
Examples:
- 成績が伸びてきた。→ My grades have improved.
- フォロワーが伸びている。→ My followers are increasing.
✅ 6. 上昇する(じょうしょうする) – to rise (formal)
Meaning: Used in news, economics, technical writing
- Like "rise" in English (e.g., “prices rose sharply”)
Examples:
- 物価が上昇しています。→ Prices are rising.
- 失業率が上昇した。→ The unemployment rate increased.
✅ 7. 増大する(ぞうだいする) – to increase in size/magnitude (formal)
Meaning: Abstract or large-scale increase
- Often used with pressure, demand, risk, tension, fear, etc.
Examples:
- ストレスが増大している。→ Stress is increasing.
- リスクが増大した。→ The risk increased.
✅ Summary Chart
Expression | Transitive? | Context / Nuance | Example |
---|---|---|---|
増える | No | Natural increase | 人が増えた |
増やす | Yes | You cause the increase | 人を増やす |
上がる | No | Prices, levels, scores | 気温が上がる |
上げる | Yes | You raise price/level | 値段を上げる |
伸びる | No | Growth, progress, development | 成績が伸びた |
上昇する | No | Formal, stats, economics | 物価が上昇 |
増大する | No | Formal, abstract quantity | プレッシャーが増大 |
B. "To decrease" in Japanese
✅ 1. 減る(へる) – to decrease (intransitive)
Meaning: Something decreases on its own
- Very common and neutral
- Natural drop in number, quantity, weight, etc.
Examples:
- 人口が減っている。→ The population is decreasing.
- 食べる量が減った。→ I’m eating less.
✅ 2. 減らす(へらす) – to decrease (transitive)
Meaning: You intentionally reduce something
- Opposite of 増やす
Examples:
- 体重を減らしたい。→ I want to lose weight.
- 出費を減らすべきだ。→ We should reduce expenses.
✅ 3. 下がる(さがる) – to go down (intransitive)
Meaning: Numbers or levels go down
- Often used with prices, temperature, ratings, etc.
- Slightly more technical/formal than 減る
Examples:
- 気温が下がった。→ The temperature dropped.
- 成績が下がった。→ My grades went down.
✅ 4. 下げる(さげる) – to lower (transitive)
Meaning: You actively lower something
- Opposite of 上げる
Examples:
- 音量を下げてください。→ Please lower the volume.
- 税金を下げるべきだ。→ Taxes should be lowered.
✅ 5. 縮小する(しゅくしょうする) – to shrink / reduce in size
Meaning: Formal or business/technical use
- Used for operations, scale, organization, activity
Examples:
- 事業を縮小した。→ We downsized the business.
- サービスの規模を縮小する。→ Reduce the scale of the service.
✅ 6. 低下する(ていかする) – to decline / fall (formal)
Meaning: Used for value, performance, level
- Often used with quality, motivation, ability, etc.
Examples:
- 集中力が低下している。→ My concentration is dropping.
- サービスの質が低下した。→ Service quality declined.
✅ 7. 減少する(げんしょうする) – to decrease (formal)
Meaning: Formal version of 減る
- Used in news, reports, research, etc.
Examples:
- 観光客の数が減少している。→ Tourist numbers are decreasing.
- 生産量が減少した。→ Production volume dropped.
✅ Summary Chart
Expression | Transitive? | Context / Nuance | Example |
---|---|---|---|
減る(へる) | No | General natural decrease | 体重が減る |
減らす(へらす) | Yes | You reduce something | 食費を減らす |
下がる(さがる) | No | Levels, prices, temperature | 値段が下がる |
下げる(さげる) | Yes | You lower something | 音を下げる |
縮小する | Yes/No | Scale, business, services | 組織を縮小する |
低下する | No | Performance, quality, motivation | 成績が低下 |
減少する | No | Formal version of 減る | 人口が減少する |
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