How to Say “To Increase” and “To Decrease” in Japanese: With Examples

How to Say “To Increase” and “To Decrease” in Japanese: With Examples

You've noticed there are multiple ways to say “to increase” or "to decrease" in Japanese. Between transitive and intransitive verbs, and the difference in nuances, it's easy to confuse them.

Here’s a breakdown of the main ways to say “to increase” and “to decrease” in Japanese, with nuance, usage, and examples.


A. "To increase" in Japanese

✅ 1. 増える(ふえる)to increase (intransitive)

Meaning: Something increases on its own

  • Common, neutral, natural growth or rise
  • Use when the subject increases by itself, no one causes it

Examples:

  • 人口が増えている。→ The population is increasing.
  • 仕事が増えた。→ My work increased.

✅ 2. 増やす(ふやす)to increase (transitive)

Meaning: You cause something to increase

  • You or someone actively adds or increases something

Examples:

  • 単語の数を増やしたい。→ I want to increase my vocabulary.
  • 商品を増やしました。→ We increased the number of products.

✅ 3. 上がる(あがる)to go up (intransitive)

Meaning: Something rises (like prices, temperature, level, etc.)

  • More contextual or technical than 増える
  • Often used with numbers, stats, prices

Examples:

  • 気温が上がった。→ The temperature went up.
  • 成績が上がった。→ My grades improved.

✅ 4. 上げる(あげる)to raise (transitive)

Meaning: You raise or increase something

  • Use when someone causes something to rise or go up

Examples:

  • 給料を上げてほしい。→ I want my salary raised.
  • 値段を上げました。→ We raised the price.

✅ 5. 伸びる(のびる)to grow/extend/increase (intransitive)

Meaning: Progress or improvement in something

  • Often used for skills, height, sales, performance, reach

Examples:

  • 成績が伸びてきた。→ My grades have improved.
  • フォロワーが伸びている。→ My followers are increasing.

✅ 6. 上昇する(じょうしょうする)to rise (formal)

Meaning: Used in news, economics, technical writing

  • Like "rise" in English (e.g., “prices rose sharply”)

Examples:

  • 物価が上昇しています。→ Prices are rising.
  • 失業率が上昇した。→ The unemployment rate increased.

✅ 7. 増大する(ぞうだいする)to increase in size/magnitude (formal)

Meaning: Abstract or large-scale increase

  • Often used with pressure, demand, risk, tension, fear, etc.

Examples:

  • ストレスが増大している。→ Stress is increasing.
  • リスクが増大した。→ The risk increased.

✅ Summary Chart

Expression Transitive? Context / Nuance Example
増える No Natural increase 人が増えた
増やす Yes You cause the increase 人を増やす
上がる No Prices, levels, scores 気温が上がる
上げる Yes You raise price/level 値段を上げる
伸びる No Growth, progress, development 成績が伸びた
上昇する No Formal, stats, economics 物価が上昇
増大する No Formal, abstract quantity プレッシャーが増大

B. "To decrease" in Japanese

✅ 1. 減る(へる)to decrease (intransitive)

Meaning: Something decreases on its own

  • Very common and neutral
  • Natural drop in number, quantity, weight, etc.

Examples:

  • 人口が減っている。→ The population is decreasing.
  • 食べる量が減った。→ I’m eating less.

✅ 2. 減らす(へらす)to decrease (transitive)

Meaning: You intentionally reduce something

  • Opposite of 増やす

Examples:

  • 体重を減らしたい。→ I want to lose weight.
  • 出費を減らすべきだ。→ We should reduce expenses.

✅ 3. 下がる(さがる)to go down (intransitive)

Meaning: Numbers or levels go down

  • Often used with prices, temperature, ratings, etc.
  • Slightly more technical/formal than 減る

Examples:

  • 気温が下がった。→ The temperature dropped.
  • 成績が下がった。→ My grades went down.

✅ 4. 下げる(さげる)to lower (transitive)

Meaning: You actively lower something

  • Opposite of 上げる

Examples:

  • 音量を下げてください。→ Please lower the volume.
  • 税金を下げるべきだ。→ Taxes should be lowered.

✅ 5. 縮小する(しゅくしょうする)to shrink / reduce in size

Meaning: Formal or business/technical use

  • Used for operations, scale, organization, activity

Examples:

  • 事業を縮小した。→ We downsized the business.
  • サービスの規模を縮小する。→ Reduce the scale of the service.

✅ 6. 低下する(ていかする)to decline / fall (formal)

Meaning: Used for value, performance, level

  • Often used with quality, motivation, ability, etc.

Examples:

  • 集中力が低下している。→ My concentration is dropping.
  • サービスの質が低下した。→ Service quality declined.

✅ 7. 減少する(げんしょうする)to decrease (formal)

Meaning: Formal version of 減る

  • Used in news, reports, research, etc.

Examples:

  • 観光客の数が減少している。→ Tourist numbers are decreasing.
  • 生産量が減少した。→ Production volume dropped.

✅ Summary Chart

Expression Transitive? Context / Nuance Example
減る(へる) No General natural decrease 体重が減る
減らす(へらす) Yes You reduce something 食費を減らす
下がる(さがる) No Levels, prices, temperature 値段が下がる
下げる(さげる) Yes You lower something 音を下げる
縮小する Yes/No Scale, business, services 組織を縮小する
低下する No Performance, quality, motivation 成績が低下
減少する No Formal version of 減る 人口が減少する
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