~く/~になる/~くする – Expressing Change with Adjectives in Japanese [JLPT N5]
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Quick Summary
Meaning: ~く/~になる/~くする lets you talk about how things change in state: “become ~,” “get ~,” or “make something ~.”
How to Use: Change an adjective into its adverb-like form, then add なる (naru, to become) for natural changes, or する (suru, to do/make) when someone causes the change.
Example:
- 部屋がきれいになりました。
- Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.
- The room became clean.
Overview
In English, we say things like “It became cold,” “He got angry,” or “I made the room bright.” In Japanese, these ideas are often expressed with adjectives + なる/する.
For i-adjectives like 高い (takai, high/expensive) or 早い (hayai, early/fast), we change the ending い to く and then add なる or する:
- 早い → 早くなる (hayaku naru, to become fast/early)
- 早い → 早くする (hayaku suru, to make (something) fast/early)
For na-adjectives like きれい (kirei, pretty/clean) or 元気 (genki, healthy/energetic), we use に + なる/する instead. In this article, we focus mainly on the ~く form with i-adjectives, but we will compare it to na-adjectives so you can see the pattern.
There are two big ideas to remember:
-
Adjective + なる: a thing or person changes by itself, or changes naturally over time.
- 早くなる (hayaku naru, to become fast/early)
-
Adjective + する: a person makes something change on purpose.
- 早くする (hayaku suru, to make (something) fast/early)
So with ~く/~になる/~くする, you can start talking about changes in your life, your feelings, the weather, your room, your Japanese level, and more.
Structure / Formation
Basic Patterns
Here are the main formulas you will use:
- i-adj-く + なる → “to become ~” / “to get ~” (natural change)
- i-adj-く + する → “to make (something) ~” (caused by someone)
- na-adj + に + なる → “to become ~” (for na-adjectives)
- na-adj + に + する → “to make (something) ~” (for na-adjectives)
In this article we focus on the adjective → adverb-like change with ~く and how it works with なる/する.
How to Make the ~く Form (i-adjectives)
For i-adjectives (i-adj), change the final い to く. This is the i-adj-く form.
| Plain i-adj (dictionary) | Meaning | i-adj-く form |
|---|---|---|
| 高い (takai) | tall, high, expensive | 高く (takaku) |
| 安い (yasui) | cheap | 安く (yasuku) |
| 早い (hayai) | early, fast | 早く (hayaku) |
| 遅い (osoi) | late, slow | 遅く (osoku) |
| 新しい (atarashii) | new | 新しく (atarashiku) |
You will see this i-adj-く form in many grammar patterns, but here we connect it to なる and する to show change.
Using i-adj-く + なる: “to become ~ / to get ~”
Use i-adj-く + なる when something becomes a new state by itself, or naturally over time. No one is directly controlling the change.
- Place が i-adj-く なります。 → “(Place) becomes ~.”
- Time に i-adj-く なります。 → “At (time), it becomes ~.”
Examples:
- 夜になると、町が静かになります。
- Yoru ni naru to, machi ga shizuka ni narimasu.
- When it becomes night, the town becomes quiet.
- 冬に部屋が寒くなります。
- Fuyu ni heya ga samuku narimasu.
- In winter, the room becomes cold.
You can change the tense of なる as usual:
| Pattern | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 寒くなる (samuku naru) | V-る | to become cold / gets cold |
| 寒くなります (samuku narimasu) | polite non-past | becomes cold / will become cold |
| 寒くなった (samuku natta) | V-た | became cold / got cold |
| 寒くなりました (samuku narimashita) | polite past | became cold / got cold |
Using i-adj-く + する: “to make (something) ~”
Use i-adj-く + する when a person intentionally changes something. Someone is the “doer” who makes the change happen.
- Person は N を i-adj-く します。 → “(Person) makes (N) ~.”
Examples:
- 先生はテストをやさしくします。
- Sensei wa tesuto o yasashiku shimasu.
- The teacher makes the test easy.
- 私はカレーを辛くします。
- Watashi wa karee o karaku shimasu.
- I make the curry spicy.
Again, you can change the tense of する normally:
| Pattern | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 大きくする (ookiku suru) | V-る | to make (something) big |
| 大きくします (ookiku shimasu) | polite non-past | make (something) big / will make (something) big |
| 大きくした (ookiku shita) | V-た | made (something) big |
| 大きくしました (ookiku shimashita) | polite past | made (something) big |
Comparing i-adj-く and na-adj + に
The idea is the same for i-adjectives and na-adjectives:
- i-adj → i-adj-く + なる/する
- na-adj → na-adj + に + なる/する
| Type | Base adjective | Change form | Example with なる |
|---|---|---|---|
| i-adj | 安い (yasui, cheap) | 安く (yasuku) | 安くなる (yasuku naru, to become cheap) |
| na-adj | にぎやか (nigiyaka, lively) | にぎやかに | にぎやかになります (nigiyaka ni narimasu, becomes lively) |
Example:
- パーティーは夜、にぎやかになります。
- Paatii wa yoru, nigiyaka ni narimasu.
- The party becomes lively at night.
Talking about Feelings and Personality Changes
You can also use these patterns to talk about feelings, personality, or skill.
- 上手 (jouzu, good/skillful, na-adj) → 上手に なる / する
- うれしい (ureshii, happy, i-adj) → うれしく なる / する
Examples:
- 毎日日本語を話して、祖母は上手になりました。
- Mainichi Nihongo o hanashite, sobo wa jouzu ni narimashita.
- By speaking Japanese every day, my grandmother became good at it.
- この変な歌で、友だちをうれしくします。
- Kono hen na uta de, tomodachi o ureshiku shimasu.
- With this strange song, I make my friend happy.
Quick Usage Tips
- Use i-adj-くなる when something or someone naturally becomes that way.
- 夜、涼しくなります。 (Yoru, suzushiku narimasu.) – It becomes cool at night.
- Use i-adj-くする when you or someone decides to make it that way.
- エアコンで部屋を涼しくします。 (Eakon de heya o suzushiku shimasu.) – I make the room cool with the air conditioner.
Example Sentences
- 夏になると、先生のネクタイがどんどん派手になります。
- Natsu ni naru to, sensei no nekutai ga dondon hade ni narimasu.
- When summer comes, my teacher’s ties become more and more flashy.
- このボタンを押すと、音楽が急に大きくなります。
- Kono botan o osu to, ongaku ga kyuu ni ookiku narimasu.
- If you press this button, the music suddenly becomes loud.
- 毎朝、兄はコーヒーで声を低くします。
- Maiasa, ani wa koohii de koe o hikuku shimasu.
- Every morning, my big brother makes his voice low with coffee.
- ゲームの前に、友だちは部屋を暗くしました。
- Geemu no mae ni, tomodachi wa heya o kuraku shimashita.
- Before the game, my friend made the room dark.
- このおかしなダンスで、みんなを元気にします。
- Kono okashina dansu de, minna o genki ni shimasu.
- With this silly dance, I make everyone energetic.
Quick Practice
(Answers and explanations are right under this section.)
Multiple-Choice
1. Choose the best sentence: “In summer, the room becomes hot.”
- A. 夏に、部屋が暑いです。(Natsu ni, heya ga atsui desu.)
- B. 夏で、部屋を暑くします。(Natsu de, heya o atsuku shimasu.)
- C. 夏に、部屋が暑くなります。(Natsu ni, heya ga atsuku narimasu.)
- D. 夏と、部屋が暑くする。(Natsu to, heya ga atsuku suru.)
2. Choose the correct sentence that means “I will make the music quiet.”
- A. 音楽を静かになります。(Ongaku o shizuka ni narimasu.)
- B. 音楽が静かにします。(Ongaku ga shizuka ni shimasu.)
- C. 音楽を静かにします。(Ongaku o shizuka ni shimasu.)
- D. 音楽を静かくします。(Ongaku o shizukaku shimasu.)
3. Choose the sentence that uses i-adj-く + なる correctly.
- A. このケーキは甘いになります。(Kono keeki wa amai ni narimasu.)
- B. このケーキは甘くなりました。(Kono keeki wa amaku narimashita.)
- C. このケーキは甘くします。(Kono keeki wa amaku shimasu.)
- D. このケーキは甘いする。(Kono keeki wa amai suru.)
4. Choose the best sentence: “My little brother made the bath hot.”
- A. 弟はおふろが暑くしました。(Otouto wa ofuro ga atsuku shimashita.)
- B. 弟はおふろを熱くなりました。(Otouto wa ofuro o atsuku narimashita.)
- C. 弟はおふろを熱くしました。(Otouto wa ofuro o atsuku shimashita.)
- D. 弟はおふろが熱いです。(Otouto wa ofuro ga atsui desu.)
5. Choose the natural-sounding sentence: “At night, the park becomes quiet and a little scary.”
- A. 夜に、公園は静かでこわくなります。(Yoru ni, kouen wa shizuka de kowaku narimasu.)
- B. 夜に、公園は静かになって、少しこわくなります。(Yoru ni, kouen wa shizuka ni natte, sukoshi kowaku narimasu.)
- C. 夜と、公園は静かくして、少しこわいです。(Yoru to, kouen wa shizukaku shite, sukoshi kowai desu.)
- D. 夜や、公園は静かになりました、少しこわくします。(Yoru ya, kouen wa shizuka ni narimashita, sukoshi kowaku shimasu.)
Spot-the-Error
6. One of these sentences has a mistake with ~く/~になる/~くする. Which one is wrong?
- A. 冬になると、水が冷たくなります。(Fuyu ni naru to, mizu ga tsumetaku narimasu.)
- B. 毎朝、母はコーヒーをあついにします。(Maiasa, haha wa koohii o atsui ni shimasu.)
- C. テストの前に、教室は静かになります。(Tesuto no mae ni, kyoushitsu wa shizuka ni narimasu.)
7. One of these sentences has a mistake with ~く/~になる/~くする. Which one is wrong?
- A. そのロボットは、ボタンを押すと速くなります。(Sono robotto wa, botan o osu to hayaku narimasu.)
- B. 兄はテレビの音を大きくしました。(Ani wa terebi no oto o ookiku shimashita.)
- C. 友だちは部屋を明るいにしました。(Tomodachi wa heya o akarui ni shimashita.)
Translation
8. Translate into Japanese using なる: “The curry became spicy.”
9. Translate into Japanese using する: “I make my Japanese homework easy.”
10. Translate into Japanese using なる: “Recently, Grandpa became very energetic.”
Answers and Explanations
- 夏に、部屋が暑くなります。(Natsu ni, heya ga atsuku narimasu.) – Uses i-adj-く + なる to show the room naturally becomes hot in summer.
- 音楽を静かにします。(Ongaku o shizuka ni shimasu.) – Uses na-adj + に + する to show you intentionally make the music quiet.
- このケーキは甘くなりました。(Kono keeki wa amaku narimashita.) – Correct i-adj-く + なりました form meaning “became sweet.”
- 弟はおふろを熱くしました。(Otouto wa ofuro o atsuku shimashita.) – Uses i-adj-く + しました to show the brother made the bath hot.
- 夜に、公園は静かになって、少しこわくなります。(Yoru ni, kouen wa shizuka ni natte, sukoshi kowaku narimasu.) – Shows two natural changes using なって (for 静か) and こわくなります (for こわい).
- 毎朝、母はコーヒーをあついにします。(Maiasa, haha wa koohii o atsui ni shimasu.) – This is wrong; for the i-adjective あつい you must say コーヒーを熱くします with ~くする, not ~いにする.
- 友だちは部屋を明るいにしました。(Tomodachi wa heya o akarui ni shimashita.) – This is wrong; 明るい is an i-adjective, so it should be 部屋を明るくしました using ~くする.
- カレーが辛くなりました。(Karee ga karaku narimashita.) – Uses i-adj-く + なりました to show the curry’s taste changed and became spicy.
- 私は日本語の宿題をやさしくします。(Watashi wa Nihongo no shukudai o yasashiku shimasu.) – Uses i-adj-く + します to show you intentionally make the homework easy.
- さいきん、祖父はとても元気になりました。(Saikin, sofu wa totemo genki ni narimashita.) – Uses na-adj + に + なりました to show Grandpa naturally became energetic.
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Vocabulary is the foundation of any language, and Japanese is no exception. The more you know, the better. Over time ...
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JLPT N4 Kanij List - All 176 Characters You Need To Know
After mastering the JLPT N5 kanji, you're ready to take your Japanese kanji game to the next level. JLPT N4. Let's go...
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Kanji For Kanji - 漢字
Inception time. Which kanji compose the kanji of "kanji"? The kanji for "kanji" is actually pretty straightforward. I...
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How to Memorize Katakana Easily: 9 Tips for Beginners
For those diving into Japanese, mastering hiragana and katakana is the first significant challenge. While hiragana o...
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Complete Hiragana and Katakana Chart With All 112 Characters
The very first step for everybody who wants to learn Japanese is to study the hiragana and katakana chart (before lea...
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JLPT N5 Kanji: Kanji For One 一 (ichi)
Probably one the most simple kanji to remember, the kanji for 'one' is simply written '一'. Let's see its readings and...
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How Long Does It Take to Learn Kanji? A Beginner's Guide
Ask any Japanese student what's the scariest part of learning the language, and they'll say kanji. And they're righ...
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Is it Necessary to Learn Kanji? The Last Answer You'll Ever Need
Many beginners in Japanese wonder whether they should really learn kanji. I know this, because I also wondered when s...
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How Long Does it Take to Learn Hiragana and Katakana?
As a beginner in Japanese, your first step is diving into the alphabets of Hiragana and Katakana. These are the build...
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13 Best YouTube Channels to Learn Japanese, From Beginner to Intermediate
YouTube can be an incredible resource for learning Japanese. And best of all, it's free. So we've compiled a list of ...
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Top 10 Manga for Japanese Language Learners: From Beginners to Intermediates!
If you're learning Japanese, chances are you're interested in manga. So instead of reading texts about Tanaka-san s...
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Kanji for 'Fire' in Japanese: 火 or 炎?
Welcome to our enlightening exploration of Japanese kanji! Today, we're igniting our understanding of a primal force ...
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The Complete Guide to Country Names in Japanese: Say and Pronounce Them Right!
Whether you're planning a trip, learning Japanese, or just curious about how different countries are represented in a...
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Kanji for Peace: 平, 和, 泰 - The Symbols of Harmony
You might be wondering what are the Japanese symbols for 'Peace'. In this article, we're diving deep into this univer...
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Kanji for 'Love': How and When to Use 愛 and 恋
Welcome to our journey into the world of Japanese kanji! Today, we're delving into one of the most heartwarming and p...
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![この・その・あの・どの – Using ‘This / That / Which’ with Nouns in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/acd351ada3fe4b04ae86de788a3350b8.jpg?v=1766305268&width=170)
![これ・それ・あれ・どれ – Saying ‘This / That / Which One’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/this-that.jpg?v=1766305107&width=170)
![か~か – Expressing Choices like “A or B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/choices.jpg?v=1766304827&width=170)
![~から~まで – Saying “From A to B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/from-AtoB.jpg?v=1765093560&width=170)
![まで – Expressing “Until” and “Up To” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/until-up-to.jpg?v=1765093405&width=170)
![から – Expressing “Because” and “From/Since” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/because-from_since.jpg?v=1765093285&width=170)
![や – Listing Examples with “And, Among Others” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/and.jpg?v=1765093138&width=170)
![か – Forming Questions and Saying “Or” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ka-questions.jpg?v=1763787134&width=170)
![も – Saying “Also” and “Too” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/mo-also-too_99f908e6-78d0-4f82-8319-391ef42764bc.jpg?v=1763787251&width=170)
![と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/to-and-with-quotation.jpg?v=1763265110&width=170)
![で – Marking Where and How an Action Happens in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/de-where-how-action-happens.jpg?v=1763264973&width=170)
![へ – Marking Direction ‘Toward’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/he-marking-direction.jpg?v=1762667986&width=170)
![に – Marking Time, Destinations, and Recipients in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-marking-destination.jpg?v=1762667846&width=170)
![の – Possession and Noun Linking in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/no-possession-and-noun-linking.jpg?v=1761961297&width=170)
![を – Marking the Direct Object in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/o-direct-object.jpg?v=1761960990&width=170)
![が – Marking the Subject ('Who/What') in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-subject-marker_60f30f70-6ca5-47ee-9a00-3646195d7d3c.jpg?v=1761386355&width=170)
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