~てください – Making Polite Requests in Japanese [JLPT N5]
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Quick Summary
- Meaning: ~てください (~te kudasai) means “please do …” and is used to make a polite request.
- How to Use: Take the verb in its V-て form and add ください (kudasai, please).
Example:
- 明日、宇宙人の写真を見てください。
- Ashita, uchuujin no shashin o mite kudasai.
- Please look at the picture of the alien tomorrow.
Overview
The pattern ~てください (~te kudasai) is one of the first and most useful polite expressions you will use in Japanese. It simply means “please do (something)”.
You use it when you want to:
- ask someone to do something politely
- give simple instructions
- make a request to a friend, teacher, shop staff, family member, and so on
In English, you might say “Please open the window” or “Please listen.” In Japanese, these become:
- まどを開けてください。
- Mado o akete kudasai.
- Please open the window.
The nuance of ~てください is:
- polite but not too formal
- soft and friendly, not a strong order
- safe to use with most people you are not very close to, and also fine with friends
You will hear it everywhere: in shops, at school, on trains, and in anime and dramas. It is a core pattern of everyday Japanese, so getting comfortable with it early will make many conversations easier to understand.
Structure / Formation
The basic idea is simple: put the verb into V-て form, then add ください.
Base Patterns
- V-て + ください – please do V
Some common requests look like this:
-
見てください。
Mite kudasai.
Please look. -
聞いてください。
Kiite kudasai.
Please listen. -
読んでください。
Yonde kudasai.
Please read.
We will focus on how to make the V-て form, because once you have that, you can make almost any request.
Step 1: Get the Verb in the Right Shape
Start from the dictionary form (V-る), like:
- 見る (miru, to see) – V-る
- 聞く (kiku, to listen) – V-る
- 読む (yomu, to read) – V-る
Then change it to the V-て form. The V-て form is a basic verb shape that you will use for many grammar patterns, not only ~てください.
Here is a quick pattern table for common verb types. Don’t worry if you don’t remember all at once; you will meet these again and again.
| Type | Dictionary (V-る) | V-て Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| る-verb | 食べる (taberu) | 食べて (tabete) | to eat |
| う-verb (う, つ, る) | 会う (au) | 会って (atte) | to meet |
| う-verb (む, ぶ, ぬ) | 読む (yomu) | 読んで (yonde) | to read |
| う-verb (く) | 書く (kaku) | 書いて (kaite) | to write |
| う-verb (ぐ) | 泳ぐ (oyogu) | 泳いで (oyoide) | to swim |
| う-verb (す) | 話す (hanasu) | 話して (hanashite) | to speak |
| Irregular | する (suru) | して (shite) | to do |
| Irregular | 来る (kuru) | 来て (kite) | to come |
Step 2: Add ください
Once you have the V-て form, you just attach ください (kudasai, please) directly after it:
- V-て + ください
Some examples using the verbs from the table:
-
ケーキを食べてください。
Keeki o tabete kudasai.
Please eat the cake. -
手紙を書いてください。
Tegami o kaite kudasai.
Please write a letter. -
ゆっくり話してください。
Yukkuri hanashite kudasai.
Please speak slowly.
Politeness and Nuance
The word ください originally comes from the verb くださる (kudasaru, to give, honorific), so it feels polite. Using ~てください shows that you are:
- respecting the other person
- asking, not ordering
It is more polite than just using V-て alone, and much softer than strong commands like V-stem + なさい.
For example, compare:
-
ドアを開けて。
Doa o akete.
Open the door. (casual) -
ドアを開けてください。
Doa o akete kudasai.
Please open the door. (polite)
Quirky Sample Requests
Here are a couple of simple but memorable requests using ~てください:
- ねこに日本語を教えてください。
- Neko ni Nihongo o oshiete kudasai.
- Please teach Japanese to my cat.
- テストの前に、ダンスしてください。
- Tesuto no mae ni, dansu shite kudasai.
- Please dance before the test.
Even with silly situations like these, the grammar works exactly the same: V-て + ください for a polite “please do …”.
Example Sentences
- まどを開けてください。月のうさぎを見たいです。
- Mado o akete kudasai. Tsuki no usagi o mitai desu.
- Please open the window. I want to see the moon rabbit.
- 先生、テストの前にジョークを言ってください。
- Sensei, tesuto no mae ni jouku o itte kudasai.
- Teacher, please tell a joke before the test.
- 朝、ロボットを起こしてください。私より早く起きます。
- Asa, robotto o okoshite kudasai. Watashi yori hayaku okimasu.
- In the morning, please wake up the robot. It wakes up earlier than me.
- 日本に来てください。一緒に空飛ぶおすしを探しましょう。
- Nihon ni kite kudasai. Issho ni sora tobu osushi o sagashimashou.
- Please come to Japan. Let’s look for flying sushi together.
- ねこさん、ちょっと待ってください。写真を撮りたいです。
- Neko-san, chotto matte kudasai. Shashin o toritai desu.
- Mr. Cat, please wait a moment. I want to take a picture.
Quick Practice
(Answers and explanations are right under this section.)
Multiple-Choice
1. Choose the best polite request: “Please drink this space coffee.”
- A. この宇宙コーヒーを飲んでください。(Kono uchuu koohii o nonde kudasai.)
- B. この宇宙コーヒーを飲みますください。(Kono uchuu koohii o nomimasu kudasai.)
- C. この宇宙コーヒーを飲んで。(Kono uchuu koohii o nonde.)
- D. この宇宙コーヒーを飲んでや。(Kono uchuu koohii o nonde ya.)
2. Choose the correct sentence using ~てください.
- A. ドアを開けとください。(Doa o aketo kudasai.)
- B. ドアを開けてください。(Doa o akete kudasai.)
- C. ドアを開けやください。(Doa o akeya kudasai.)
- D. ドアを開けでください。(Doa o akede kudasai.)
3. Choose the most natural polite classroom instruction.
- A. 本を読んでください。(Hon o yonde kudasai.)
- B. 本を読んででも。(Hon o yonde demo.)
- C. 本を読んでや。(Hon o yonde ya.)
- D. 本を読んでなど。(Hon o yonde nado.)
4. Choose the correct request with two actions: “Please sit here and listen.”
- A. ここにすわってください、聞いてください。(Koko ni suwatte kudasai, kiite kudasai.)
- B. ここにすわりとください、聞いてください。(Koko ni suwari to kudasai, kiite kudasai.)
- C. ここにすわってと聞いてください。(Koko ni suwatte to kiite kudasai.)
- D. ここにすわってや、聞いてください。(Koko ni suwatte ya, kiite kudasai.)
5. Choose the correct polite request about time: “Please come at seven o’clock.”
- A. 七時に来るください。(Shichi-ji ni kuru kudasai.)
- B. 七時に来てください。(Shichi-ji ni kite kudasai.)
- C. 七時に来ますください。(Shichi-ji ni kimasu kudasai.)
- D. 七時に来てでも。(Shichi-ji ni kite demo.)
Spot-the-Error
6. One of these requests is NOT correct. Which sentence has an error with ~てください?
- A. 先生、ゆっくり話してください。(Sensei, yukkuri hanashite kudasai.)
- B. 先生、ゆっくり話しますください。(Sensei, yukkuri hanashimasu kudasai.)
- C. 先生、もう一度言ってください。(Sensei, mou ichido itte kudasai.)
7. One of these requests is NOT natural Japanese. Which sentence has the error with ~てください?
- A. テレビを消してください。(Terebi o keshite kudasai.)
- B. テレビを消してとください。(Terebi o keshite to kudasai.)
- C. テレビをつけてください。(Terebi o tsukete kudasai.)
Translation
8. Translate into Japanese using ~てください: “Please read this manga with my grandma.”
9. Translate into Japanese using ~てください: “Robot, please open the window.”
10. Translate into Japanese using ~てください: “Please call me tomorrow.”
Answers and Explanations
- この宇宙コーヒーを飲んでください。(Kono uchuu koohii o nonde kudasai.) – Uses the correct V-て form 飲んで plus ください for a polite request.
- ドアを開けてください。(Doa o akete kudasai.) – 開けて is the correct V-て form; you cannot use the ます-form before ください.
- 本を読んでください。(Hon o yonde kudasai.) – This is the only option that correctly uses ~てください as a polite classroom instruction.
- ここにすわってください、聞いてください。(Koko ni suwatte kudasai, kiite kudasai.) – Both verbs are in V-て form followed by ください, making two polite requests.
- 七時に来てください。(Shichi-ji ni kite kudasai.) – 来て is the V-て form of 来る and combines naturally with ください.
- 先生、ゆっくり話しますください。(Sensei, yukkuri hanashimasu kudasai.) – The error is using the ます-form; it must be 話してください with the V-て form.
- テレビを消してとください。(Terebi o keshite to kudasai.) – The particle と is wrong here; polite requests use V-て + ください without と.
- このマンガをおばあさんと読んでください。(Kono manga o obaasan to yonde kudasai.) – 読んで is the V-て form, and と marks “with my grandma.”
- ロボット、まどを開けてください。(Robotto, mado o akete kudasai.) – Directly addresses the robot and uses 開けてください for “please open.”
- 明日、私に電話してください。(Ashita, watashi ni denwa shite kudasai.) – 電話してください is “please call,” and 明日 and 私に show when and to whom.
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