~ないで – Saying “Without Doing” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Share
Quick Summary
- Meaning: ~ないで means without doing something or do not do X, and instead do Y, depending on the sentence.
- How to Use: Make the verb negative in the ない-form, then add で.
- Example:
- 靴をはかないで、木にのぼりました。
- Kutsu o hakanai de, ki ni noborimashita.
- I climbed a tree without putting on shoes.
Overview
The grammar point ~ないで is used when you want to say that an action does not happen before another action. In simple words, it often means without doing.
For example, if you say 朝ご飯を食べないで学校へ行きます, you mean that you go to school without eating breakfast first. The first action is skipped, and then the second action happens.
This pattern is very useful because it appears in everyday Japanese, and it is also easy to build once you know the ない-form of verbs. You will hear it in small situations, instructions, and casual descriptions of what someone did or did not do.
It can also have a second common feeling: don’t do this; do that instead. In that kind of sentence, ~ないで connects two actions and shows that one action is avoided while another action is done.
- 魚を食べないで、ケーキを食べます。
- Sakana o tabenai de, keeki o tabemasu.
- I do not eat fish; I eat cake instead.
At the beginner level, the most important idea is this: ~ないで usually connects to a following action. It tells us that something is not done before that next action.
- 目をあけないで、ダンスしました。
- Me o akenai de, dansu shimashita.
- I danced without opening my eyes.
This grammar is different from simply saying that something did not happen. It is not just a plain negative. It links that negative action to what comes next.
Structure / Formation
Basic Pattern
- V-ない + で
- Clause 1 + ないで、Clause 2
To make ~ないで, first change the verb into the ない-form. Then add で.
So the core idea is very simple:
- 食べる (taberu, to eat) → 食べないで
- 行く (iku, to go) → 行かないで
- する (suru, to do) → しないで
- 来る (kuru, to come) → 来ないで (konai de)
How It Works in a Sentence
The most common beginner pattern is:
- V-ないで、V
This means that the second action happens, but the first action does not happen before it.
- 宿題をしないで、ねました。
- Shukudai o shinai de, nemashita.
- I went to sleep without doing my homework.
In this sentence, 宿題をしないで shows the skipped action, and ねました shows the action that actually happened.
Verb Formation Table
| Dictionary Form | ない-form | ~ないで Form |
|---|---|---|
| 食べる (taberu, to eat) | 食べない (tabenai) | 食べないで |
| 見る (miru, to see) | 見ない (minai) | 見ないで |
| 行く (iku, to go) | 行かない (ikanai) | 行かないで |
| 読む (yomu, to read) | 読まない (yomanai) | 読まないで |
| する (suru, to do) | しない (shinai) | しないで |
| 来る (kuru, to come) | 来ない (konai) | 来ないで (konai de) |
Polite Requests with ~ないでください
A very common use of this grammar is ~ないでください, which means please do not do. This is extremely common in signs, instructions, and polite speech.
- V-ない + でください
- 入る (hairu, to enter) → 入らないでください
- 食べる (taberu, to eat) → 食べないでください
- 私のプリンを食べないでください。
- Watashi no purin o tabenai de kudasai.
- Please do not eat my pudding.
This use is closely related to the main grammar point because it also starts with the same V-ないで form.
Important Beginner Tip
When using ~ないで to mean without doing, there is usually another action after it. So learners will most often see it in patterns like 食べないで行く or 見ないで話す.
If you remember one thing, remember this: make the verb negative, add で, then connect it to the next action.
- 地図を見ないで、月まで行きたいです。
- Chizu o minai de, tsuki made ikitai desu.
- I want to go to the moon without looking at a map.
Example Sentences
- 朝ご飯を食べないで、ドラゴンと散歩しました。
- Asa gohan o tabenai de, doragon to sanpo shimashita.
- I took a walk with a dragon without eating breakfast.
- 目をとじないで、こわい映画を見ました。
- Me o tojinaide, kowai eiga o mimashita.
- I watched a scary movie without closing my eyes.
- 先生に言わないで、いぬに日本語を教えました。
- Sensei ni iwanai de, inu ni Nihongo o oshiemashita.
- Without telling the teacher, I taught Japanese to a dog.
- バスに乗らないで、月まで走りました。
- Basu ni noranai de, tsuki made hashirimashita.
- Instead of taking the bus, I ran to the moon.
- 私のケーキを食べないでください。これはねこの朝ご飯です。
- Watashi no keeki o tabenai de kudasai. Kore wa neko no asa gohan desu.
- Please do not eat my cake. It is the cat's breakfast.
Quick Practice
(Answers and explanations are right under this section.)
Multiple-Choice
1. Choose the correct sentence for “I went to school without drinking coffee.”
- A. コーヒーを飲まないで、学校へ行きました。(Koohii o nomanai de, gakkou e ikimashita.)
- B. コーヒーを飲まないと、学校へ行きました。(Koohii o nomanai to, gakkou e ikimashita.)
- C. コーヒーを飲まないや、学校へ行きました。(Koohii o nomanai ya, gakkou e ikimashita.)
- D. コーヒーを飲まないでも、学校へ行きました。(Koohii o nomanai demo, gakkou e ikimashita.)
2. Choose the correct sentence for “Please do not open the box.”
- A. はこをあけないでください。(Hako o akenai de kudasai.)
- B. はこをあけなくてください。(Hako o akenaide kudasai.)
- C. はこをあけないとください。(Hako o akenai to kudasai.)
- D. はこをあけないやください。(Hako o akenai ya kudasai.)
3. Choose the correct sentence for “Without using a map, the cat went to the station.”
- A. 地図を使わないで、ねこは駅へ行きました。(Chizu o tsukawanai de, neko wa eki e ikimashita.)
- B. 地図を使うないで、ねこは駅へ行きました。(Chizu o tsukau nai de, neko wa eki e ikimashita.)
- C. 地図を使わないと、ねこは駅へ行きました。(Chizu o tsukawanai to, neko wa eki e ikimashita.)
- D. 地図を使わないなど、ねこは駅へ行きました。(Chizu o tsukawanai nado, neko wa eki e ikimashita.)
4. Choose the correct sentence for “Instead of watching TV, I read a book.”
- A. テレビを見ないで、本を読みました。(Terebi o minai de, hon o yomimashita.)
- B. テレビを見なくて、本を読みました。(Terebi o minakute, hon o yomimashita.)
- C. テレビを見ないと、本を読みました。(Terebi o minai to, hon o yomimashita.)
- D. テレビを見ないや、本を読みました。(Terebi o minai ya, hon o yomimashita.)
5. Choose the correct sentence using 来る.
- A. 友だちは来ないで、電話しました。(Tomodachi wa konai de, denwa shimashita.)
- B. 友だちはきないで、電話しました。(Tomodachi wa kinai de, denwa shimashita.)
- C. 友だちは来るないで、電話しました。(Tomodachi wa kuru nai de, denwa shimashita.)
- D. 友だちは来ないと、電話しました。(Tomodachi wa konai to, denwa shimashita.)
Spot-the-Error
6. Which sentence has the grammar mistake?
- A. くつをはかないで、外へ出ました。(Kutsu o hakanai de, soto e demashita.)
- B. 朝ご飯を食べないで、会社へ行きました。(Asa gohan o tabenai de, kaisha e ikimashita.)
- C. ねこはさかなを食べるないで、ねました。(Neko wa sakana o taberu nai de, nemashita.)
7. Which sentence has the grammar mistake?
- A. ここで写真をとらないでください。(Koko de shashin o toranai de kudasai.)
- B. 私のチョコを食べないでください。(Watashi no choko o tabenai de kudasai.)
- C. ドアをしないでください。(Doa o shinai de kudasai.)
Translation
8. Translate into Japanese using ~ないで: “I slept without turning off the light.”
- Write your answer in Japanese.
9. Translate into Japanese using ~ないでください: “Please do not touch this robot.”
- Write your answer in Japanese.
10. Translate into Japanese using ~ないで: “My brother ate cake without washing his hands.”
- Write your answer in Japanese.
Answers and Explanations
- コーヒーを飲まないで、学校へ行きました。(Koohii o nomanai de, gakkou e ikimashita.) — This correctly uses the ない-form plus で to mean “without drinking.”
- はこをあけないでください。(Hako o akenai de kudasai.) — This is the correct polite request pattern for “please do not open.”
- 地図を使わないで、ねこは駅へ行きました。(Chizu o tsukawanai de, neko wa eki e ikimashita.) — 使う changes to 使わない, then adds で.
- テレビを見ないで、本を読みました。(Terebi o minai de, hon o yomimashita.) — This shows “do not do X, and instead do Y” in a natural way.
- 友だちは来ないで、電話しました。(Tomodachi wa konai de, denwa shimashita.) — 来る is irregular, so the correct ない-form is 来ない.
- ねこはさかなを食べるないで、ねました。(Neko wa sakana o taberu nai de, nemashita.) — This is wrong because you must use the ない-form, so 食べる becomes 食べないで.
- ドアをしないでください。(Doa o shinai de kudasai.) — This is wrong because する does not match ドア here; the natural verb is しめる, as in ドアをしめないでください.
- 電気をけさないで、ねました。(Denki o kesanai de, nemashita.) — This correctly expresses sleeping without turning off the light.
- このロボットにさわらないでください。(Kono robotto ni sawaranai de kudasai.) — This uses ~ないでください correctly for a polite negative request.
- 兄は手をあらわないで、ケーキを食べました。(Ani wa te o arawanai de, keeki o tabemashita.) — This correctly connects the skipped action and the action that happened.
Related Posts
-
![~ない – Plain Negative Form in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/nai-plain-negative-form-in-japanese.jpg?v=1776077577&width=170)
~ない – Plain Negative Form in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~ない is the plain negative form of a verb. It means do not, does not, or will not, dependin...
-
![~てみる – Trying Something Out in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/te-miru-trying-something-out-in-japanese.jpg?v=1776077444&width=170)
~てみる – Trying Something Out in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てみる means “to try doing something”. It is used when you do an action to see what happens,...
-

~てある – Describing Prepared or Resulting States in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てある (~te aru) describes a result: “has been done” and the state from that action is sti...
-

~てから – Saying ‘After Doing Something’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てから (~te kara) shows that one action happens after another action. How to Use: Put...
-

~てはいけない – Expressing Rules and ‘Must Not’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てはいけない (~te wa ikenai) means “must not” or “you are not allowed to.” It is used to give...
-

~てもいいですか – Politely Asking for Permission in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The pattern ~てもいいですか is used to politely ask “Is it okay if I…?” or “May I…?” How t...
-

~てもいい – Asking and Giving Permission in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てもいい (〜te mo ii) shows that something is okay to do. It means “may do,” “it’s allowed,”...
-

~てください – Making Polite Requests in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~てください (~te kudasai) means “please do …” and is used to make a polite request. How ...
-

~ている – Expressing Actions in Progress and Continuing States in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~ている (~te iru) shows an action that is happening now, or a state that continues now. ...
-

あげる/くれる/もらう – Giving and Receiving in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: あげる (ageru), くれる (kureru), and もらう (morau) are verbs that show who gives and who receive...
-

~が好き/~が嫌い – Talking About Likes and Dislikes in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The patterns ~が好き and ~が嫌い show what you like or dislike. How to Use: Put the thing...
-

~がほしい – Saying You Want Something in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~がほしい (~ ga hoshii) means “to want something.” It describes a thing you want to have. ...
-

~たい – Talking About What You Want to Do in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~たい (~tai) is used to say that you want to do something. How to Use: Attach ~たい to ...
-

~方(かた) – Saying “How to Do” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~方(かた) after a verb means “how to do (something)” or “the way of doing (something)”. How to Us...
-

~になる – Expressing ‘To Become’ and Change in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~になる (~ni naru) means “to become ~”, “to turn into ~”, or “to change into ~”. How t...
-

~にする – Expressing Decisions and Changes in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~にする means “to decide on ~” or “to make it ~ / turn it into ~”. It shows a choice or a c...
-
![~に来る – Expressing ‘Come to Do (Something)’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-kuru-come-to-co.jpg?v=1769937520&width=170)
~に来る – Expressing ‘Come to Do (Something)’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~に来る (~にくる) shows that someone comes to a place in order to do something. How to Us...
-
![~に行く – Expressing ‘Go Somewhere to Do Something’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-iku-go-somewhere-to-do-something.jpg?v=1769937474&width=170)
~に行く – Expressing ‘Go Somewhere to Do Something’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: “Go to do (something).” You move to a place, and your main purpose is to do that action ...
-
![~にあります/~にいます – Saying Where Things and People Are in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-arimasu-imasu-location-of-existence.jpg?v=1769251504&width=170)
~にあります/~にいます – Saying Where Things and People Are in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~にあります/~にいます tells you where something or someone “exists” or “is located.” How to ...
-
![~がある・~がいる – Talking About What Exists in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-aru-iru-there-is-are.jpg?v=1769251452&width=170)
~がある・~がいる – Talking About What Exists in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~がある and ~がいる mean “there is / there are” or “to exist / to be (somewhere).” ある is for t...
-
![~すぎる – Saying Something Is “Too Much” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/sugiru-too-much.jpg?v=1769251408&width=170)
~すぎる – Saying Something Is “Too Much” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~すぎる (~sugiru) means “too much” or “excessive.” It shows that something goes beyond a no...
-
![~く/~になる/~くする – Expressing Change with Adjectives in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ku-naru-suru-expressing-change.jpg?v=1769251371&width=170)
~く/~になる/~くする – Expressing Change with Adjectives in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~く/~になる/~くする lets you talk about how things change in state: “become ~,” “get ~,” or “make som...
-
![な形容詞 (Na-adjectives) – Basic Forms with です in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/na-keiyoushi-basic-desu-forms.jpg?v=1769251316&width=170)
な形容詞 (Na-adjectives) – Basic Forms with です in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: な形容詞 (na-adjectives) are adjectives that describe what something or someone is like, sim...
-
![イ形容詞 – Basic i-Adjective Conjugations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/i-adjectives.jpg?v=1769251251&width=170)
イ形容詞 – Basic i-Adjective Conjugations in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: イ形容詞 (i-adjectives) are adjectives that end in い and describe how something is, like “big,” “q...
-
![~ます – Polite Present and Past Verb Forms in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/masu_-_polite_verb_form.jpg?v=1767433709&width=170)
~ます – Polite Present and Past Verb Forms in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The endings ~ます/~ません/~ました/~ませんでした make verbs polite in Japanese (present/future and past...
-
![よ – Adding Friendly Emphasis in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/yo_-_ending_particle_Friendly_Emphasis.jpg?v=1767433517&width=170)
よ – Adding Friendly Emphasis in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The sentence-ending particle よ adds light emphasis. It shows new information, your strong opin...
-
![ね – Softly Seeking Agreement in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ending_particle.jpg?v=1766907843&width=170)
ね – Softly Seeking Agreement in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle ね is used at the end of a sentence to gently seek agreement, confirmation, ...
-
![何・だれ・いつ・どこ・どう – Basic Question Words in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/Question_Words.jpg?v=1766907708&width=170)
何・だれ・いつ・どこ・どう – Basic Question Words in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: These are basic Japanese “wh-words” like “what, who, when, where, how, why, how much, ho...
-
![ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこ – Talking About Places in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/places_fb57172a-7d06-47ee-a9b7-c1f4b6b2b264.jpg?v=1766305419&width=170)
ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこ – Talking About Places in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ここ (koko) = here, そこ (soko) = there (near you), あそこ (asoko) = over there (far from both)...
-
![この・その・あの・どの – Using ‘This / That / Which’ with Nouns in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/acd351ada3fe4b04ae86de788a3350b8.jpg?v=1766305268&width=170)
この・その・あの・どの – Using ‘This / That / Which’ with Nouns in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: この (kono), その (sono), あの (ano), どの (dono) mean “this / that / which” when they come dire...
-
![これ・それ・あれ・どれ – Saying ‘This / That / Which One’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/this-that.jpg?v=1766305107&width=170)
これ・それ・あれ・どれ – Saying ‘This / That / Which One’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: これ (kore), それ (sore), あれ (are), and どれ (dore) all mean “this / that / which (one)” when you ar...
-
![か~か – Expressing Choices like “A or B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/choices.jpg?v=1766304827&width=170)
か~か – Expressing Choices like “A or B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The pattern か~か shows a simple choice: “A or B.” How to Use: Put か after each optio...
-
![~から~まで – Saying “From A to B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/from-AtoB.jpg?v=1765093560&width=170)
~から~まで – Saying “From A to B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: ~から~まで shows the starting point and ending point of something: “from A to B.” It is ofte...
-
![まで – Expressing “Until” and “Up To” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/until-up-to.jpg?v=1765093405&width=170)
まで – Expressing “Until” and “Up To” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: まで (made) means “until” or “up to” and shows a limit of time, place, number, or even act...
-
![から – Expressing “Because” and “From/Since” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/because-from_since.jpg?v=1765093285&width=170)
から – Expressing “Because” and “From/Since” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: から shows a reason (“because”) or a starting point (“from / since”). How to Use: Put...
-
![や – Listing Examples with “And, Among Others” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/and.jpg?v=1765093138&width=170)
や – Listing Examples with “And, Among Others” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: や connects two or more nouns and means “and” or “among other things.” It shows that your lis...
-
![か – Forming Questions and Saying “Or” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ka-questions.jpg?v=1763787134&width=170)
か – Forming Questions and Saying “Or” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle か turns a sentence into a question, or can mean “or” when choosing between thin...
-
![も – Saying “Also” and “Too” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/mo-also-too_99f908e6-78d0-4f82-8319-391ef42764bc.jpg?v=1763787251&width=170)
も – Saying “Also” and “Too” in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle も means “also,” “too,” or “even.” It shows that something is the same as someth...
-
![と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/to-and-with-quotation.jpg?v=1763265110&width=170)
と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: と links things like “A and B,” marks doing something with someone, and shows a quotation (“…,”...
-
![で – Marking Where and How an Action Happens in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/de-where-how-action-happens.jpg?v=1763264973&width=170)
で – Marking Where and How an Action Happens in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: で marks the location where an action happens or the means/tool/method used to do something...
-
![へ – Marking Direction ‘Toward’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/he-marking-direction.jpg?v=1762667986&width=170)
へ – Marking Direction ‘Toward’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle へ marks direction or “toward” a place or person. It points where something is hea...
-
![に – Marking Time, Destinations, and Recipients in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-marking-destination.jpg?v=1762667846&width=170)
に – Marking Time, Destinations, and Recipients in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle に marks a point in time (at/on), a destination you reach (to/into), or a target/r...
-
![の – Possession and Noun Linking in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/no-possession-and-noun-linking.jpg?v=1761961297&width=170)
の – Possession and Noun Linking in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: Links two nouns to show possession, belonging, or description. Often reads as “’s” or “of....
-
![を – Marking the Direct Object in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/o-direct-object.jpg?v=1761960990&width=170)
を – Marking the Direct Object in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: を marks the direct object — the thing that receives the action of a verb. It’s pronounced ...
-
![が – Marking the Subject ('Who/What') in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-subject-marker_60f30f70-6ca5-47ee-9a00-3646195d7d3c.jpg?v=1761386355&width=170)
が – Marking the Subject ('Who/What') in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The particle が marks the subject of a sentence and highlights new or focused information (an...
-
![は (wa) – Topic Marker and Contrast in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/wa-topic-marker.jpg?v=1761385996&width=170)
は (wa) – Topic Marker and Contrast in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: Marks the topic of the sentence — what you’re talking about. Often feels like “as for...” in E...
-
![じゃない・ではありません – Expressing 'Is/Was Not' in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/janai-dehaarimasen_2594963b-531e-4f4d-a9b0-361010e0a720.jpg?v=1760865884&width=170)
じゃない・ではありません – Expressing 'Is/Was Not' in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The negative of the copula “to be.” Say “is not” or “was not” with nouns and na-adjectives. Ho...
-
![だ・です/だった・でした – Saying ‘to be’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](//hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/da-desu-datta-deshita_58bbc732-53fd-48da-83c7-4e477e7cc0b2.jpg?v=1760864506&width=170)
だ・です/だった・でした – Saying ‘to be’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]
Quick Summary Meaning: The Japanese copula — the basic “to be.” It links a topic to a noun or a na-adjective to state...
-

Common Japanese Onomatopoeia: Essential Words You’ll Hear Everywhere
If you spend any time in Japan, you’ll hear onomatopoeia everywhere: on TV, in everyday conversations, in manga, and ...
![~ない – Plain Negative Form in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/nai-plain-negative-form-in-japanese.jpg?v=1776077577&width=170)
![~てみる – Trying Something Out in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/te-miru-trying-something-out-in-japanese.jpg?v=1776077444&width=170)














![~に来る – Expressing ‘Come to Do (Something)’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-kuru-come-to-co.jpg?v=1769937520&width=170)
![~に行く – Expressing ‘Go Somewhere to Do Something’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-iku-go-somewhere-to-do-something.jpg?v=1769937474&width=170)
![~にあります/~にいます – Saying Where Things and People Are in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-arimasu-imasu-location-of-existence.jpg?v=1769251504&width=170)
![~がある・~がいる – Talking About What Exists in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-aru-iru-there-is-are.jpg?v=1769251452&width=170)
![~すぎる – Saying Something Is “Too Much” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/sugiru-too-much.jpg?v=1769251408&width=170)
![~く/~になる/~くする – Expressing Change with Adjectives in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ku-naru-suru-expressing-change.jpg?v=1769251371&width=170)
![な形容詞 (Na-adjectives) – Basic Forms with です in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/na-keiyoushi-basic-desu-forms.jpg?v=1769251316&width=170)
![イ形容詞 – Basic i-Adjective Conjugations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/i-adjectives.jpg?v=1769251251&width=170)
![~ます – Polite Present and Past Verb Forms in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/masu_-_polite_verb_form.jpg?v=1767433709&width=170)
![よ – Adding Friendly Emphasis in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/yo_-_ending_particle_Friendly_Emphasis.jpg?v=1767433517&width=170)
![ね – Softly Seeking Agreement in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ending_particle.jpg?v=1766907843&width=170)
![何・だれ・いつ・どこ・どう – Basic Question Words in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/Question_Words.jpg?v=1766907708&width=170)
![ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこ – Talking About Places in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/places_fb57172a-7d06-47ee-a9b7-c1f4b6b2b264.jpg?v=1766305419&width=170)
![この・その・あの・どの – Using ‘This / That / Which’ with Nouns in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/acd351ada3fe4b04ae86de788a3350b8.jpg?v=1766305268&width=170)
![これ・それ・あれ・どれ – Saying ‘This / That / Which One’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/this-that.jpg?v=1766305107&width=170)
![か~か – Expressing Choices like “A or B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/choices.jpg?v=1766304827&width=170)
![~から~まで – Saying “From A to B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/from-AtoB.jpg?v=1765093560&width=170)
![まで – Expressing “Until” and “Up To” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/until-up-to.jpg?v=1765093405&width=170)
![から – Expressing “Because” and “From/Since” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/because-from_since.jpg?v=1765093285&width=170)
![や – Listing Examples with “And, Among Others” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/and.jpg?v=1765093138&width=170)
![か – Forming Questions and Saying “Or” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ka-questions.jpg?v=1763787134&width=170)
![も – Saying “Also” and “Too” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/mo-also-too_99f908e6-78d0-4f82-8319-391ef42764bc.jpg?v=1763787251&width=170)
![と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/to-and-with-quotation.jpg?v=1763265110&width=170)
![で – Marking Where and How an Action Happens in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/de-where-how-action-happens.jpg?v=1763264973&width=170)
![へ – Marking Direction ‘Toward’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/he-marking-direction.jpg?v=1762667986&width=170)
![に – Marking Time, Destinations, and Recipients in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-marking-destination.jpg?v=1762667846&width=170)
![の – Possession and Noun Linking in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/no-possession-and-noun-linking.jpg?v=1761961297&width=170)
![を – Marking the Direct Object in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/o-direct-object.jpg?v=1761960990&width=170)
![が – Marking the Subject ('Who/What') in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-subject-marker_60f30f70-6ca5-47ee-9a00-3646195d7d3c.jpg?v=1761386355&width=170)
![は (wa) – Topic Marker and Contrast in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/wa-topic-marker.jpg?v=1761385996&width=170)
![じゃない・ではありません – Expressing 'Is/Was Not' in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/janai-dehaarimasen_2594963b-531e-4f4d-a9b0-361010e0a720.jpg?v=1760865884&width=170)
![だ・です/だった・でした – Saying ‘to be’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/da-desu-datta-deshita_58bbc732-53fd-48da-83c7-4e477e7cc0b2.jpg?v=1760864506&width=170)
