~がある・~がいる – Talking About What Exists in Japanese [JLPT N5]
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Quick Summary
- Meaning: ~がある and ~がいる mean “there is / there are” or “to exist / to be (somewhere).” ある is for things, いる is for people and animals.
- How to Use: Place + が + N + ある / いる to say something exists in a place.
Example:
- 公園に宇宙人がいます。
- Kouen ni uchuujin ga imasu.
- There is an alien in the park.
Overview
The patterns ~がある (ga aru) and ~がいる (ga iru) are some of the first grammar points you will use in Japanese. They answer simple questions like “What is there?” and “Who is there?”
Use them to:
- Say that something exists: ドラゴンがいます (doragon ga imasu, there is a dragon).
- Say that something is in a place: 机の上に本があります (tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu, there is a book on the desk).
- Talk about what you have (using the idea “there is ~ for me”): 私はロボットの友だちがいます (watashi wa robotto no tomodachi ga imasu, I have a robot friend).
The key idea is existence or presence:
- ある (aru) is for inanimate things (non-living things): objects, places, events, ideas.
- いる (iru) is for animate beings: people and animals, and sometimes characters that act like living beings (ghosts, aliens, talking cats).
In daily conversation, you will often combine:
- a place with に (ni)
- the thing/person with が (ga)
- and then ある or いる
For example:
- 冷蔵庫にケーキがあります。
- Reizouko ni keeki ga arimasu.
- There is a cake in the fridge.
- 教室に忍者がいます。
- Kyoushitsu ni ninja ga imasu.
- There is a ninja in the classroom.
This is a very natural way to describe a scene in Japanese, and you will use it all the time when telling stories, giving directions, or just talking about what you see around you.
Structure / Formation
Basic Patterns
- Place + に + N (thing) + が + ある
- Place + に + N (person/animal) + が + いる
To say “there is” or “there are,” choose:
-
ある when the noun is an inanimate thing:
-
机にメロンパンがあります。
Tsukue ni meronpan ga arimasu.
There is a melon bread on the desk.
-
机にメロンパンがあります。
-
いる when the noun is a person or animal:
-
駅にパンダがいます。
Eki ni panda ga imasu.
There is a panda at the station.
-
駅にパンダがいます。
You can also drop the place part and just say that something exists in general:
-
問題があります。
Mondai ga arimasu.
There is a problem.
Form with Polite and Plain Style
The core verbs are:
- ある (aru) – to exist (for things)
- いる (iru) – to exist (for people/animals)
Polite forms are very common for beginners:
- あります (arimasu) – polite form of ある
- います (imasu) – polite form of いる
Basic patterns with politeness:
- Place + に + N (thing) + が + あります。
- Place + に + N (person/animal) + が + います。
Conjugation Patterns
Here is a simple conjugation table for ある and いる in useful forms:
| Form | ある (things) | いる (people/animals) | English meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plain non-past (V-る) | ある | いる | there is / there are |
| Polite non-past (V-ま) | あります | います | there is / there are (polite) |
| Plain past (V-た) | あった | いた | there was / there were |
| Polite past (V-ました) | ありました | いました | there was / there were (polite) |
| Plain negative (V-ない) | ない | いない | there is not / there are not |
| Polite negative (V-ません) | ありません | いません | there is not / there are not (polite) |
Example (past):
- 昨日、この町に雲がありませんでした。
- Kinou, kono machi ni kumo ga arimasen deshita.
- Yesterday, there were no clouds in this town.
- さっき教室に先生がいました。
- Sakki kyoushitsu ni sensei ga imashita.
- A moment ago, there was a teacher in the classroom.
Particles: に and が
To use ~がある・~がいる correctly, two particles are especially important:
-
に marks the place where something exists:
-
ベッドの下にモンスターがいます。
Beddo no shita ni monsutaa ga imasu.
There is a monster under the bed.
-
ベッドの下にモンスターがいます。
-
が marks the thing or person that exists:
-
机の上に古いラーメンがあります。
Tsukue no ue ni furui raamen ga arimasu.
There is old ramen on the desk.
-
机の上に古いラーメンがあります。
A common pattern you will see and use a lot is:
- Place + に + N + が + ある / いる
Talking About “Having” with ある・いる
Japanese often uses this pattern to mean “to have”, especially with people and pets. The idea is “for me, there is ~”. In this case, the person who has something is usually marked by は, and what they have is marked by が.
Pattern:
- Person + は + N + が + ある / いる
Examples:
- 私はロボットの彼女がいます。
- Watashi wa robotto no kanojo ga imasu.
- I have a robot girlfriend.
- 兄は秘密の部屋があります。
- Ani wa himitsu no heya ga arimasu.
- My older brother has a secret room.
Choosing Between ある and いる
A simple way to choose:
- Can it walk, think, move by itself, or be a character (person, cat, ghost, anime hero)? Use いる.
- Is it a thing, place, object, idea, event? Use ある.
Compare:
-
庭にゾンビがいます。
Niwa ni zonbi ga imasu.
There is a zombie in the garden. -
庭にゾンビゲームがあります。
Niwa ni zonbi geemu ga arimasu.
There is a zombie game in the garden.
Same “zombie world,” but the zombie itself is “living” (so いる), and the game is just a thing (so ある).
Example Sentences
- 冷蔵庫に小さいドラゴンがいます。
- Reizouko ni chiisai doragon ga imasu.
- There is a small dragon in the fridge.
- 公園に空飛ぶピアノがあります。
- Kouen ni soratobu piano ga arimasu.
- There is a flying piano in the park.
- 私の部屋には宿題がありません。
- Watashi no heya ni wa shukudai ga arimasen.
- In my room, there is no homework.
- 昨日、駅に透明な男の人がいました。
- Kinou, eki ni toumei na otoko no hito ga imashita.
- Yesterday, there was a transparent man at the station.
- 私は頭の中にうるさいロボットの友だちがいます。
- Watashi wa atama no naka ni urusai robotto no tomodachi ga imasu.
- I have a noisy robot friend in my head.
Quick Practice
(Answers and explanations are right under this section.)
Multiple-Choice
1. Choose the correct sentence: “There is a ghost in the toilet.”
- A. トイレにおばけとあります。(Toire ni obake to arimasu.)
- B. トイレやおばけがいます。(Toire ya obake ga imasu.)
- C. トイレにおばけがいます。(Toire ni obake ga imasu.)
- D. トイレでおばけがあります。(Toire de obake ga arimasu.)
2. Choose the best sentence: “There is no money in my wallet.”
- A. 私のさいふにお金がありません。(Watashi no saifu ni okane ga arimasen.)
- B. 私のさいふにお金はいません。(Watashi no saifu ni okane wa imasen.)
- C. 私のさいふがお金にありません。(Watashi no saifu ga okane ni arimasen.)
- D. 私のさいふとお金がいません。(Watashi no saifu to okane ga imasen.)
3. Choose the correct sentence that uses the past form: “Yesterday, there was a robot in the park.”
- A. 昨日、公園にロボットがいます。(Kinou, kouen ni robotto ga imasu.)
- B. 昨日、公園にロボットがいました。(Kinou, kouen ni robotto ga imashita.)
- C. 昨日、公園にロボットがあります。(Kinou, kouen ni robotto ga arimasu.)
- D. 昨日、公園とロボットがいました。(Kinou, kouen to robotto ga imashita.)
4. Choose the sentence that correctly means: “I have three cats.”
- A. 私は猫を三ついます。(Watashi wa neko o mittsu imasu.)
- B. 私は三つ猫がいます。(Watashi wa mittsu neko ga imasu.)
- C. 私は猫が三びきいます。(Watashi wa neko ga sanbiki imasu.)
- D. 私が猫は三びきあります。(Watashi ga neko wa sanbiki arimasu.)
5. Choose the most natural sentence: “There is a test tomorrow.”
- A. 明日、テストがいます。(Ashita, tesuto ga imasu.)
- B. 明日、テストがあります。(Ashita, tesuto ga arimasu.)
- C. 明日、テストにがあります。(Ashita, tesuto ni ga arimasu.)
- D. 明日、テストでもいます。(Ashita, tesuto demo imasu.)
Spot-the-Error
6. One of these sentences has an error with ある / いる. Which one is wrong?
- A. ベッドの下に小さいドラゴンがいます。(Beddo no shita ni chiisai doragon ga imasu.)
- B. テーブルの上にコーヒーがあります。(Teeburu no ue ni koohii ga arimasu.)
- C. 学校にたくさん学生があります。(Gakkou ni takusan gakusei ga arimasu.)
7. One of these sentences has an error with particles or word order in the ある / いる pattern. Which one is wrong?
- A. 冷蔵庫にジュースがありません。(Reizouko ni juusu ga arimasen.)
- B. 私はペットのロボットがいます。(Watashi wa petto no robotto ga imasu.)
- C. 猫が部屋にいます机の上。(Neko ga heya ni imasu tsukue no ue.)
Translation
8. Translate into Japanese using ~がいる: “There is a ninja in my room.”
9. Translate into Japanese using ~がある: “On the desk, there is a strange cake.”
10. Translate into Japanese using a negative form: “There were no students in the classroom.”
Answers and Explanations
- トイレにおばけがいます。(Toire ni obake ga imasu.) – Use に for the place, が for the ghost, and います because a ghost is treated like an animate character.
- 私のさいふにお金がありません。(Watashi no saifu ni okane ga arimasen.) – Money is an inanimate thing, so あります / ありません is correct.
- 昨日、公園にロボットがいました。(Kinou, kouen ni robotto ga imashita.) – いました is the polite past of いる, used for an animate “robot” character.
- 私は猫が三びきいます。(Watashi wa neko ga sanbiki imasu.) – This is the natural pattern for “I have ~”: person は + noun が + counter + います for animals.
- 明日、テストがあります。(Ashita, tesuto ga arimasu.) – A test is an event (inanimate), so あります is used.
- 学校にたくさん学生があります。(Gakkou ni takusan gakusei ga arimasu.) – This is wrong because 学生 (students) are people; it should be います, not あります.
- 猫が部屋にいます机の上。(Neko ga heya ni imasu tsukue no ue.) – Word order is wrong; the place (e.g., 部屋の机の上に) must come before が and います.
- 私の部屋にニンジャがいます。(Watashi no heya ni ninja ga imasu.) – Use the place + に + person + が + います pattern for “there is a ninja in my room.”
- 机の上にへんなケーキがあります。(Tsukue no ue ni henna keeki ga arimasu.) – A cake is a thing on a place, so use あります with 机の上に.
- 教室に学生がいませんでした。(Kyoushitsu ni gakusei ga imasendeshita.) – Students are people, and the negative polite past of いる is いませんでした.
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Is it Necessary to Learn Kanji? The Last Answer You'll Ever Need
Many beginners in Japanese wonder whether they should really learn kanji. I know this, because I also wondered when s...
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How Long Does it Take to Learn Hiragana and Katakana?
As a beginner in Japanese, your first step is diving into the alphabets of Hiragana and Katakana. These are the build...
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13 Best YouTube Channels to Learn Japanese, From Beginner to Intermediate
YouTube can be an incredible resource for learning Japanese. And best of all, it's free. So we've compiled a list of ...
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Top 10 Manga for Japanese Language Learners: From Beginners to Intermediates!
If you're learning Japanese, chances are you're interested in manga. So instead of reading texts about Tanaka-san s...
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Kanji for 'Fire' in Japanese: 火 or 炎?
Welcome to our enlightening exploration of Japanese kanji! Today, we're igniting our understanding of a primal force ...
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The Complete Guide to Country Names in Japanese: Say and Pronounce Them Right!
Whether you're planning a trip, learning Japanese, or just curious about how different countries are represented in a...
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Kanji for Peace: 平, 和, 泰 - The Symbols of Harmony
You might be wondering what are the Japanese symbols for 'Peace'. In this article, we're diving deep into this univer...
![~すぎる – Saying Something Is “Too Much” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/sugiru-too-much.jpg?v=1769251408&width=170)
![~く/~になる/~くする – Expressing Change with Adjectives in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ku-naru-suru-expressing-change.jpg?v=1769251371&width=170)
![な形容詞 (Na-adjectives) – Basic Forms with です in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/na-keiyoushi-basic-desu-forms.jpg?v=1769251316&width=170)
![イ形容詞 – Basic i-Adjective Conjugations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/i-adjectives.jpg?v=1769251251&width=170)
![~ます – Polite Present and Past Verb Forms in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/masu_-_polite_verb_form.jpg?v=1767433709&width=170)
![よ – Adding Friendly Emphasis in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/yo_-_ending_particle_Friendly_Emphasis.jpg?v=1767433517&width=170)
![ね – Softly Seeking Agreement in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ending_particle.jpg?v=1766907843&width=170)
![何・だれ・いつ・どこ・どう – Basic Question Words in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/Question_Words.jpg?v=1766907708&width=170)
![ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこ – Talking About Places in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/places_fb57172a-7d06-47ee-a9b7-c1f4b6b2b264.jpg?v=1766305419&width=170)
![この・その・あの・どの – Using ‘This / That / Which’ with Nouns in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/acd351ada3fe4b04ae86de788a3350b8.jpg?v=1766305268&width=170)
![これ・それ・あれ・どれ – Saying ‘This / That / Which One’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/this-that.jpg?v=1766305107&width=170)
![か~か – Expressing Choices like “A or B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/choices.jpg?v=1766304827&width=170)
![~から~まで – Saying “From A to B” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/from-AtoB.jpg?v=1765093560&width=170)
![まで – Expressing “Until” and “Up To” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/until-up-to.jpg?v=1765093405&width=170)
![から – Expressing “Because” and “From/Since” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/because-from_since.jpg?v=1765093285&width=170)
![や – Listing Examples with “And, Among Others” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/and.jpg?v=1765093138&width=170)
![か – Forming Questions and Saying “Or” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ka-questions.jpg?v=1763787134&width=170)
![も – Saying “Also” and “Too” in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/mo-also-too_99f908e6-78d0-4f82-8319-391ef42764bc.jpg?v=1763787251&width=170)
![と – Linking 'And', 'With', and Quotations in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/to-and-with-quotation.jpg?v=1763265110&width=170)
![で – Marking Where and How an Action Happens in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/de-where-how-action-happens.jpg?v=1763264973&width=170)
![へ – Marking Direction ‘Toward’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/he-marking-direction.jpg?v=1762667986&width=170)
![に – Marking Time, Destinations, and Recipients in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ni-marking-destination.jpg?v=1762667846&width=170)
![の – Possession and Noun Linking in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/no-possession-and-noun-linking.jpg?v=1761961297&width=170)
![を – Marking the Direct Object in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/o-direct-object.jpg?v=1761960990&width=170)
![が – Marking the Subject ('Who/What') in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/ga-subject-marker_60f30f70-6ca5-47ee-9a00-3646195d7d3c.jpg?v=1761386355&width=170)
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![だ・です/だった・でした – Saying ‘to be’ in Japanese [JLPT N5]](http://hirakan.com/cdn/shop/articles/da-desu-datta-deshita_58bbc732-53fd-48da-83c7-4e477e7cc0b2.jpg?v=1760864506&width=170)




















